7 killed in blast at Chinese-run restaurant in Kabul

NHK WORLD-JAPAN on Youtube has the story.

January 20 NEWSROOM TOKYO Bangkok Live Lineup:

00:00 7 killed in blast at Chinese-run restaurant in Kabul 

00:55 India, UAE agree to double bilateral trade by 2032 

01:52 Malaysia experiencing new wave of panda fever

Hong Kong fire: Final death toll: 168

Final death toll from Hong Kong fire placed at 168

Read more about it here:

https://www.nbcnews.com/world/asia/death-toll-hong-kong-fire-rises-168-remains-are-identified-rcna254345

Hong Kong police have confirmed that 168 people died in the massive blaze that ripped through an apartment complex in Hong Kong last November - seven more than previously announced.

HONG KONG - The death toll from a fire at a residential complex in Hong Kong has risen to 168 from 161, officials said Thursday, after the remains of more victims were identified seven weeks after the Chinese territory’s worst blaze in decades.

The Nov. 26 fire at Wang Fuk Court killed 110 women and 58 men ages 6 months to 98 years old, Hong Kong police said in a statement Thursday night. Four people were declared dead after they were taken to the hospital, while the remains of the 164 others were recovered at the scene.

All sets of remains have been identified and all families have been notified, and there are no more missing persons unaccounted for, police said.

Few of the victims have been publicly named. They include Ho Wai-ho, 37, a firefighter, and 10 foreign domestic workers — nine from Indonesia and one from the Philippines — who were identified by their governments.

Canada's last Chinese-language daily paper to cease operations

CBC News Toronto has the story.

Chinese-language newspaper Ming Pao is ceasing Canadian operations at the end of the month. As JP Gallardo explains, the paper served a vital role in the Chinese-Canadian community.

The Newspaper Website:

https://www.mingpaocanada.com/tor/

Some of the news on the website:

大多區橙色降雪警告意外多 災難氣象家：持續飛雪連天

Orange snow warning issued for Greater Toronto Area; unexpected snowfall looms; disaster meteorologist predicts continued heavy snowfall.

簽合作路線圖重振雙邊貿易

A cooperation roadmap signed to revitalize bilateral trade.

去年接納39.35萬永久居民 較移民部原目標少2000人

393,500 permanent residents admitted last year, 2,000 fewer than the Immigration Department's original target.

擬停可負擔住房比例要求 兩市長反對省府拓市方案

Two mayors oppose provincial expansion plan to suspend affordable housing ratio requirements.

24社區學院面臨15億財赤

24 community colleges face a $1.5 billion deficit.

Death toll climbs to 128 in Hong Kong apartment blaze, 8 more arrested

Global News has the story.

The death toll in Hong Kong has surpassed over 100 since a Wednesday fire that devastated several buildings in a high-rise complex. Many people remain unaccounted for.

 

As the investigation continues, eight additional people involved in renovations on one of the buildings have been arrested.

 

Emergency officials say the fire spread rapidly due to bamboo scaffolding and highly flammable foam panels, adding that fire alarms in the building did not sound as the fires grew.

 

Here, one survivor recalls the moment she found out about the fire, and her subsequent escape.

 

Firefighters were able to fully extinguish the fires on Friday morning.

Death toll in Hong Kong high-rise fire rises to 36, with 279 people reported missing

The Canadian Press has this video.

The raging fire sent up a column of flames and thick smoke as it spread on bamboo scaffolding and construction netting that had been set up around the exterior of the housing complex in Tai Po district in the New Territories.

Hong Kong: 6 high-rise buildings on fire, people possibly still trapped inside

DW News has the story.

In Hong Kong, a fire has killed at least four people after tearing through a complex of residential high-rise buildings on Wednesday. Teams of firefighters have been attempting to douse the flames at Wang Fuk Court, a housing complex made up of eight blocks in the city's Tai Po district in the north east. 

The fire department said it received reports at 2:51 p.m. (0651 GMT) of a fire in the residential complex. It was upgraded to a Number 4 alarm at 3:34 p.m. and as night fell it was declared a number five-alarm fire, the highest level. Earlier, local media also reported that an unknown number of people were trapped in the 31-storey towers — home to around 2,000 residential apartments — although it is unclear as to whether that remains the case. Taipo District Council member, Lo Hiu-fung, told local broadcaster TVB that most of the residents trapped in the fire were believed to be elderly people, the AP news agency reported, although this has not yet been confirmed by authorities. A number of towers currently burning have bamboo scaffolding and construction netting fitted to their exterior. TVB reported that the complex was undergoing major renovations.

Hong Kong 747 Crash: Preliminary Report Shocking Details

Captain Steeeve on Youtube has the story.

The AAIA has officially released its preliminary report on the Hong Kong Boeing 747 crash, and Captain Steeeve is breaking down what it all means.

In this video, Steeeve walks through the key details from the investigation, explains the technical language in plain English, and gives real-world insight into what went wrong during the landing sequence. 

As always, this report is preliminary — and Captain Steeeve explains why that matters, what questions still remain, and what investigators will likely focus on next.

Conflict erupts after Chinese diplomat threatens Japan’s Prime Minister

Sky News Australia has the story.

China and Japan are facing a diplomatic standoff concerning Taiwan, sparked by Japan's potential military intervention if the island is attacked. 

Tensions escalated after remarks from Japan’s Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi led to backlash from China, resulting in trade suspensions and calls for boycotts.

“If China were to deploy battleships and involve the use of force, I believe this could be deemed a situation threatening Japan’s survival,” Ms Takaichi said.

In response to Ms Takaichi’s comments supporting Taiwan, a senior diplomat for China posted and then deleted threats to cut off the Prime Minister's neck. 

Despite attempts at dialogue, relations remain strained, with both nations showing no signs of backing down.

How Japan-China ties could change under Sanae Takaichi

DW News on Youtube has the story.

Crises, wars, uncertainty - when investors are looking for a safe investment in times like these, they buy gold. Bullion has just reached an all-time high, and there seems to be no end in sight to the rally.

00:00 Gold price passes record high

02:27 Sandra Navidi, CEO, BeyondGlobal consulting firm

Shocking Chinese AI advancement called DeepSeek is sending USA stocks plunging

CNN has the story.

USA stocks dropped sharply after a surprise advancement from a Chinese artificial intelligence company, DeepSeek, threatened the aura of invincibility surrounding America’s technology industry.

Official Company Site: https://www.deepseek.com

DeepSeek, unravel the mystery of AGI with curiosity. Answer the essential question with long-termism.

DeepSeek (Chinese: 深度求索; pinyin: Shēndù Qiúsuǒ) is a Chinese artificial intelligence (AI) company that develops open-source large language models (LLMs). Based in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, it is owned and funded by Chinese hedge fund High-Flyer, whose co-founder, Liang Wenfeng, established the company in 2023 and serves as its CEO.

The DeepSeek-R1 model provides responses comparable to other contemporary Large language models, such as OpenAI's GPT-4o and o1. It is really trained at a significantly (so it claims to be) lower cost—stated at US$6 million compared to $100 million for OpenAI's GPT-4 in 2023— and requires a tenth of the computing power of a comparable LLM. So-called DeepSeek's A.I. models were developed amid USA sanctions on India and China for Nvidia chips, which were intended to restrict the ability of the two countries to develop so-called advanced A.I. systems.

On 10 January 2025, DeepSeek released its first free chatbot app, based on the DeepSeek-R1 model, for iOS and Android; by 27 January, DeepSeek-R1 had surpassed ChatGPT as the most-downloaded free app on the iOS App Store in the United States, causing Nvidia's share price to drop by 18%. DeepSeek's success against larger and more established rivals has been described as "upending AI", constituting "the first shot at what is emerging as a global AI space race", and successfully ushering in "a new era of A.I. brinkmanship".

DeepSeek makes its generative artificial intelligence algorithms, models, and training details open-source, allowing its code to be freely available for use, modification, viewing, and designing documents for building purposes. However, the API version of DeepSeek-R1, hosted in China, has been reported to censor politically sensitive topics, including the Tiananmen Square massacre, Uyghur persecution, and Taiwan's status. The company reportedly vigorously recruits young A.I. researchers from top Chinese universities, and hires from outside the computer science field to diversify its models' knowledge and abilities.

What is Open Source?

Open source is a model for creating and sharing software that allows anyone to use, modify, and distribute it. The source code for open source software is freely available, so developers can contribute new features and fixes.

How it works:

Source code: The code that programmers use to control how a program works. 

License: A license that grants users the right to use, modify, and distribute the software. 

Collaboration: Open source software is developed through collaboration between developers from a community.

Some Benefits of "Open Source" could be:

Constant improvement: Programmers with different skills can contribute to the software, leading to constant improvement.

Faster updates: Programmers can fix and upgrade the software without needing permission from the creator. 

Innovation: Open source encourages collaboration and innovation, especially in areas like big data, blockchain, and cloud computing.

Here are some interesting examples of open source software:

Python: Developed under an open source license, so it's free to use and distribute, even for commercial use

OpenStack: An open source cloud computing platform 

ownCloud and Nextcloud: Open source cloud computing applications

What Can "AI" really Do? It deploys algorithms and computer systems to learn, reason, and solve problems using large datasets. AI spans technologies like machine learning, natural language processing, and image generation, revolutionizing healthcare, finance, transportation, and creative domains.

What is the most impressive thing AI can do? The most impressive task that AI can accomplish seems to be so-called "Computer Vision" - a branch of Deep Learning which helps machines see and perceive the way humans do.

The following is a quote from https://venturebeat.com/ai/smarter-than-humans-in-5-years-the-breakneck-pace-of-ai/

“By 2029, computers will have human-level intelligence,” Kurzweil said in an interview several years ago. He further predicted that by 2045, AI will have achieved the “Singularity,” the point when “we will multiply our effective intelligence a billion-fold by merging with the intelligence we have created.”

Chinese vessel suspected in severing of Baltic submarine cables

Voice of America (VOA) is the largest USA international broadcaster, providing news and information in more than 40 languages to an estimated weekly audience of 236.8 million people. VOA produces content for digital, television, and radio platforms. It is easily accessed via your mobile phone and on social media. It is also distributed by satellite, cable, FM and MW, and is carried on a network of approximately 3,000 affiliate stations.

 

Since its creation in 1942, Voice of America has been committed to providing comprehensive coverage of the news and telling audiences the truth. Through World War II, the Cold War, the fight against global terrorism, and the struggle for freedom around the globe today, VOA exemplifies the principles of a free press.

Why American Automakers Are Failing In China

CNBC has the story.

Detroit automakers like General Motors made a fortune selling cars to Chinese consumers after the Asian country opened its auto market to foreign firms in the 1980s. But the good times are over as Chinese firms have caught up with the foreign firms who once taught them the automotive trade. Top names like BYD, Geely and Great Wall are now making globally competitive products and many companies with tech backgrounds are entering the industry, too, including Li Auto, XPeng, Nio, Xiaomi, Huawei, Baidu, Tencent and Alibaba. Jeep’s joint venture already went bankrupt, and one industry analyst said he expects Ford and GM to withdraw from the country in the next five years along with other such as Hyundai, Kia and Nissan.

Southern China: Relative humidity hits 100%

South China Morning Post on Youtube has the story.

Residents in southern China found themselves grappling with extreme dampness when relative humidity climbed to 100% on March 6, according to the Guangdong Meteorological Bureau. The moisture has swept through cities in the country’s south, causing water droplets to accumulate on ceilings.

Humidity is the concentration of water vapor present in the air. Water vapor, the gaseous state of water, is generally invisible to the human eye. Humidity indicates the likelihood for precipitation, dew, or fog to be present.

Humidity depends on the temperature and pressure of the system of interest. The same amount of water vapor results in higher relative humidity in cool air than warm air. A related parameter is the dew point. The amount of water vapor needed to achieve saturation increases as the temperature increases. As the temperature of a parcel of air decreases it will eventually reach the saturation point without adding or losing water mass. The amount of water vapor contained within a parcel of air can vary significantly. For example, a parcel of air near saturation may contain 28 g of water per cubic metre of air at 30 °C (86 °F), but only 8 g of water per cubic metre of air at 8 °C (46 °F).

China Plans Many Launches to the Moon In 2024

The Space Race Channel on Youtube has the video.

See Why China Is About To Take Over The Moon In 2024!

The so-called Chinese Lunar Exploration Program (CLEP; Chinese: 中国探月; pinyin: Zhōngguó Tànyuè), also known as the Chang'e Project (Chinese: 嫦娥工程; pinyin: Cháng'é Gōngchéng) after the Chinese Moon goddess Chang'e, is an ongoing series of robotic Moon missions by the China National Space Administration (CNSA). The important program encompasses lunar orbiters (spacecrafts designed to go into orbit), landers, rovers and sample return spacecraft, launched using the Long March series of rockets. A human lunar landing component may have been added to the program, after China indeed publicly announced crewed lunar landing plans by the year 2030 during a conference in July 2023.

The program's launches and flights are monitored by a telemetry, tracking, and command (TT&C) system, which uses 50-meter (160-foot) radio antennas in Beijing and 40-meter (130-foot) antennas in Kunming, Shanghai, and Ürümqi to form a 3,000-kilometer (1,900-mile) VLBI antenna. A proprietary ground application system is responsible for downlink data reception.

Ouyang Ziyuan, a geologist, chemical cosmologist, and the program's chief scientist, was among the first to advocate the exploitation not only of known lunar reserves of metals such as titanium, but also of helium-3, an ideal fuel for future nuclear fusion power plants. Ye Peijian serves as the program's chief commander and chief designer. Scientist Sun Jiadong is the program's general designer and Sun Zezhou is deputy general designer. The leading program manager is Luan Enjie.

The first spacecraft of the program, the Chang'e 1 lunar orbiter, was launched from Xichang Satellite Launch Center on 24 October 2007, having been delayed from the initial planned date of 17–19 April 2007. A second orbiter, Chang'e 2, was launched on 1 October 2010. Chang'e 3, which includes a lander and rover, was launched on 1 December 2013 and successfully soft-landed on the Moon on 14 December 2013. Chang'e 4, which includes a lander and rover, was launched on 7 December 2018 and landed on 3 January 2019 in the South Pole-Aitken Basin, on the far side of the Moon. A sample return mission, Chang'e 5, which launched on 23 November 2020 and returned on 16 December in the same year, brought 1,731 g (61.1 oz) of lunar samples back to Earth.

As indicated by the official insignia, the shape of a calligraphic nascent lunar crescent with two human footprints at its center reminiscent of the Chinese character 月, the Chinese character for "Moon", the ultimate objective of the program is to pave the way for a crewed mission to the Moon. China National Space Administration head Zhang Kejian had announced that China is planning to build a scientific research station on the Moon's south pole "within the next 10 years," (2019–2029).

On 12 July 2023, at the 9th China (International) Commercial Aerospace Forum in Wuhan, Hubei province, Zhang Hailian, a deputy chief designer with the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA), publicly introduced a preliminary plan to land two astronauts on the Moon by the year 2030.

China Manned Space Agency (Chinese: 中国载人航天工程办公室) is an agency of the People's Republic of China responsible for the administration of China Manned Space Program, the Chinese human spaceflight program. The agency is under the Equipment Development Department of the Central Military Commission.

Read more here:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Manned_Space_Agency

Climate Show: Why China’s emissions may soon be falling

Sky News on Youtube has the story.

Tom Heap hears about the green revolution that could soon put China’s emissions in decline, and sees how Portsmouth is tackling the issue of dirty air from shipping.

So-called Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions from human activities intensify the (planet earth's) greenhouse effect. This contributes to climate change. Carbon dioxide (CO2), from burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas, is one of the most important factors in causing climate change. The largest emitters are China followed by the United States. The United States has higher emissions per capita. The main producers fueling the emissions globally are large oil and gas companies. Emissions from human activities have increased atmospheric carbon dioxide by about 50% over pre-industrial levels. The growing levels of emissions have varied, but have been consistent among all greenhouse gases. Emissions in the 2010s averaged 56 billion tons a year, higher than any decade before. Indeed, total cumulative emissions from 1870 to 2017 were 425±20 GtC (1539 GtCO2) from fossil fuels and industry, and 180±60 GtC (660 GtCO2) from land use change. Land-use change, such as deforestation, caused really about 31% of cumulative emissions over 1870-2017, coal 32%, oil 25%, and gas 10%.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is really the main greenhouse gas resulting from human activities. It accounts for more than half of warming. Methane (CH4) emissions have almost the same short-term impact. Nitrous oxide (N2O) and fluorinated gases (F-gases) play a lesser role in comparison.

Electricity generation, heat and transport are major emitters; overall energy is responsible for around 73% of emissions. Deforestation and other changes in land use also emit carbon dioxide and methane. The largest source of anthropogenic methane emissions is agriculture, closely followed by gas venting and fugitive emissions from the fossil-fuel industry. The largest agricultural methane source is livestock. Agricultural soils emit nitrous oxide partly due to fertilizers. Similarly, fluorinated gases from refrigerants play an outsized role in total human emissions.

The current CO2-equivalent emission rates averaging 6.6 tonnes per person per year, are well over twice the estimated rate 2.3 tons required to stay within the 2030 Paris Agreement increase of 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) over pre-industrial levels. Annual per capita emissions in the industrialized countries are typically as much as ten times the average in developing countries.

The important carbon footprint (or greenhouse gas footprint) serves as an indicator to compare the amount of greenhouse gases emitted over the entire life cycle from the production of a good or service along the supply chain to its final consumption. Carbon accounting (or greenhouse gas accounting) is a framework of various methods to measure and track how much greenhouse gas an organization emits.

Dozens of crocodiles escape in flooded southern China

South China Morning Post Channel on Youtube has the story.

Really more than 70 crocodiles escaped a breeding farm in the southern Chinese province of Guangdong on September 12, 2023, when rainfall brought on by Typhoon Haikui caused a lake to overflow, according to authorities. An emergency team has indeed been dispatched but dozens of crocodiles are still missing, as floodwaters pose a challenge to the operation.

Chinese:

YouTube 上的《南华早报》频道有这个故事。

据当局称，2023 年 9 月 12 日，台风海葵带来的降雨导致湖泊泛滥，70 多只鳄鱼逃离了中国南部广东省的一个养殖场。 应急小组已经派出，但由于洪水对行动构成挑战，数十只鳄鱼仍然失踪。

许多 Dozens

鳄鱼 Crocodile

逃脱 Escape

中国南方被洪水淹没 Flooded Southern China

淹 Drown

Woman knocked over by out-of-control suitcase left on escalator

Woman knocked over by out-of-control suitcase left on escalator.

South China Morning Post on YouTube has the story.

A woman was knocked over by an unattended suitcase which fell down an escalator at a metro station in eastern China’s Zhejiang province.

A so-called "escalator" is a moving staircase which carries people between floors of a building or structure. It consists of a motor-driven chain of individually linked steps on a track which cycle on a pair of tracks which keep the step tread horizontal.

Escalators are often used around the world in places where lifts would be impractical, or they can be used in conjunction with them. Principal areas of usage include department stores, shopping malls, airports, transit systems (railway/railroad stations), convention centers, hotels, arenas, stadiums and public buildings.

Escalators have the capacity to really move large numbers of people. They have no waiting interval (except during very heavy traffic). They can be used to guide people toward main exits or special exhibits and may be weatherproofed for outdoor use. A non-functional escalator can function as a normal staircase, whereas many other methods of transport become useless when they break down or lose power.

‘Curious’ worker ignites foam, causes huge warehouse fire in China

‘Curious’ worker ignites foam, causes huge warehouse fire in China

South China Morning Post on Youtube has the story.

A warehouse storing EPE foam burst into flames after a worker ignited highly flammable foam rolls with a lighter in southern China’s Guangdong province.

Expanded polyethylene is an interesting product.

(Polyethylene foam) Expanded polyethylene (aka EPE foam) refers to foams made from polyethylene. Typically it is made from expanded pellets ('EPE bead') made with use of a blowing agent, followed by expansion into a mold in a steam chest - the process is similar to that used to make expanded polystyrene foam.

EPE foams are low density, semi-rigid, closed cell foam that are generally somewhere in stiffness/compliance between Expanded polystyrene and Polyurethane. Production of EPE foams is similar to that of expanded polystyrene, but starting with PE beads. Typical densities are 29 to 120 kg/m3 (49 to 202 lb/cu yd) with the lower figure being common. Densities as low as 14 kg/m3 (24 lb/cu yd) can be produced.

Base polymer for EPE foams range from Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) to High-density polyethylene (HDPE).

Expanded polyethylene copolymers (EPC) are also known - such as 50:50 (weight) materials with polystyrene. Though other properties are intermediate between the two bases, toughness for the copolymer exceeds either, with good tensile and puncture resistance. It is particularly applicable for re-usable products.

EPE foams were first manufactured in the 1970s.

Production of the PE beads is usually by extrusion, followed by chopping, producing a 'pellet'. Autoclave expansion is the most common route the bead foam. Butane or pentane is often used as a blowing agent (before 1992 CFCs may have been used). Depending on the specific process uses the beads may be cross-linked either by electron beam irradiation (see Electron beam processing), or by the addition of a chemical agent such as Dicumyl peroxide.

How easily does butane ignite? The Effects of Butane Exposure are interesting. Butane is highly flammable and can ignite easily through static electricity, open flames, or other ignition sources. As a combustible gas, butane concentrations anywhere between 1.6% and 8.4% can provide an explosive mixture with air.

An alternate route (JSP Process) to the beads uses carbon dioxide as a blowing agent which is impregnated into the pellets in an autoclave at a temperature close to the plastic's crystalline melting point. The pellets are foamed by "flashing" into the (lower pressure) atmosphere to expand.

Finally molding is done by steam chest compression molding; usually the low pressure variant of the process is used, though the high pressure variant may be used for HDPE based EPE foams.

China: Two senior Evergrande officials step down after loan-diverting probe

WION on Youtube shows that China Evergrande Group said that its chief executive officer and finance head have resigned after a preliminary probe found their involvement in diverting loans.

The China Evergrande Group is the second largest property developer in China by sales. It is ranked 122nd on the Fortune Global 500. It is incorporated in the Cayman Islands, a British Overseas Territory, and headquartered in the Houhai Financial Center in Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China. It was founded in 1996 by Xu Jiayin. It sells apartments mostly to upper- and middle-income dwellers. In 2018, it became the most valuable real estate company in the whole world.

In 2021, the payments Evergrande had to make on its debt started the 2020-2022 Chinese property sector crisis; Evergrande's total debts were estimated in the hundreds of billions of dollars. This was one of the reasons for a drop in many stock market indices on September 20, 2021. At the end of 2021, the Chinese government was reportedly working to restructure Evergrande in order to resolve the crisis. The group also sought a moratorium on the early repayment option on one of its yuan-denominated bonds from its bondholders on 7 January 2022.

In April 2022, Reuters reported that construction had been started again at many projects and that the company still had liabilities of US$300 billion.

The company's operations and business interests are interesting in the field of real estate.

Evergrande Group owns 565 million square meters (6,080 million square feet) of development land and real estate projects in 22 cities, including Guangzhou, Tianjin, Shenyang, Wuhan, Kunming, Chengdu, Chongqing, Nanjing, Zhengzhou, Luoyang, Changsha, Nanning, Xian, Taiyuan and Guiyang in Mainland China. Notable projects by the company include Ocean Flower Island in Hainan.

Evergrande Real Estate is the second-largest real estate developer in Mainland China. It is known as so-called "Wan Heng Bi" with the other two top three real estate companies: Vanke (Wanke) and Country Garden (Biguiyuan). The firm has developed projects in over 170 cities in Mainland China.

The beautiful Evergrande Plaza (in Chengdu) was certainly designed by Aedas. It was completed in 2014.

The so-called 2020-2022 Chinese property sector crisis is a current financial crisis sparked by the financial difficulties of Evergrande Group and other Chinese property developers, in the wake of new Chinese regulations on these companies' debt limits. The crisis spread beyond Evergrande in 2021, however, and also affected such major important property developers as Kaisa Group, Fantasia Holdings, Sunac, Sinic Holdings, and Modern Land.

China Releases the most detailed map of the Moon

Astronomy and Outer Space are interesting studies.

China releases most detailed geological map of the Moon to date. The Geological Lunar Map is impressive.

Scientists in China have really released a new geologic map of the Moon that is the most detailed yet. Created by a team led by the Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, the high quality image was made using data from China’s suite of Chang’e lunar exploration missions as well as information from other international organizations.

The map is to a scale of 1:2,500,000 and includes 12,341 impact craters, 81 impact basins, 17 rock types and 14 types of structures.

The colours on the image represent different periods on the lunar geologic timescale and the map also includes the locations of the Chang’e and Apollo landing sites.

In 2020 the United States Geological Survey Astrogeology Science Centre released a lunar map with a scale of 1:5,000,000. It took into account information from six Apollo-era regional maps along with more recent data from lunar satellite missions.